At present, the manufacturing industry is developing rapidly, and the scope of use of a variety of mechanical equipment and electronic equipment has increased. However, some of these facilities should be maintained before installation and after operation for a while, involving the cleaning of some materials or parts. Traditional laser cleaning processes, such as mechanical equipment friction cleaning, chemical corrosion cleaning, strong impact laser cleaning, high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning, etc., are extremely time-consuming and difficult to control automatically, which usually has a harmful impact on the environment. At the same time, there is no reliable method to measure the cleaning effect. In contrast, laser cleaning has the advantages of no pollution, no consumables, low cost, high efficiency, no contact, no stress, no damage, good controllability, precision cleaning area can be selected, and dangerous areas that are difficult to be cleaned can be cleaned. It is considered to be the most reliable and effective way to solve the cleaning problem in the future.
Action mechanism
Laser cleaning is to use the narrow pulse width and high power laser function to the surface of the object to be washed. With the same functions of fast light vibration, gasification, dissolution and plasma stripping, laser cleaning stains can peel off from the substrate and achieve clean appearance. At present, there are three typical laser cleaning methods: laser burning, laser cleaning, liquid film assisted laser cleaning and laser shock wave cleaning. Among the above three methods, the laser burning and cleaning methods have simple control conditions and the widest range of application. Select the appropriate laser category and use the optimized basic process parameters to remove all kinds of films, paints, particles or stains. Even if the other two methods also have their own advantages, their use is still in the exploration link and has not been widely promoted.
Generally speaking, laser cleaning is composed of laser, light transmission cosmetic surgery unit, intelligent control operating system, clean quality detection and guarantee unit and displacement platform.
Domestic laser cleaning technology research and facility research and development started too late, almost following the development and growth of foreign countries. Even if they have achieved some results in a short time, they are still quite different from foreign countries. At present, the scientific research department of laser cleaning involves the laser fusion management center of China Academy of Engineering Physics, the remanufacturing management center of the Armored Force Engineering School of the people's Liberation Army, Harbin Institute of technology, Huake University, Nankai University, etc. Even in recent years, the content of laser cleaning research articles in academic circles has gradually increased, and the category and application scope of clean raw materials have gradually expanded, the research and development in all aspects are unbalanced, and many problems have not been completely solved.